Kelaniya Raja Maha Vihara is one of the most revered and ancient Buddhist temples in Sri Lanka, situated in Kelaniya, a suburb within the Gampaha District of the Western Province, approximately 11 kilometres (7 miles) northeast of Colombo. This site holds profound significance as it is believed to be the spot hallowed by the Buddha himself during his third and final visit to the island, eight years after his enlightenment, circa 500 BCE.

According to the ancient chronicle, the Mahawansa, the Buddha arrived here with 500 Arahats (enlightened disciples) and preached the Dhamma to resolve a conflict between two warring Naga kings over a jeweled throne. The temple’s striking Dhanyakara Stupa (shaped like a heap of paddy/rice grains) is said to enshrine the very gem-studded throne on which the Buddha sat and preached.

The temple boasts a rich history of destruction and restoration, most notably after its devastation by the Portuguese in the 16th century. The magnificent structure seen today was largely restored under the patronage of King Kirthi Sri Rajasingha in the 18th century and significantly refurbished in the early 20th century by philanthropist Helena Wijewardene. The walls of the temple’s Image Houses are famous for the stunning modern murals by native artist Solias Mendis (completed between 1927 and 1946), which depict pivotal events in the life of the Buddha, the history of Buddhism in Sri Lanka, and the Jataka tales.

Kelaniya Vihara is a major pilgrimage site and is one of the sixteen sacred places (Solosmasthana) in Sri Lanka. It is also the venue for the spectacular Duruthu Maha Perahera, a grand procession held annually in the month of January (Duruthu) to commemorate the Buddha’s inaugural visit to the country. The temple complex is not only a spiritual focal point but also an architectural marvel, featuring an 18-foot stone statue of the Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara and a popular shrine dedicated to the deity Vibhishana, mentioned in the Ramayana epic.